Civil War Map of Chattanooga, Tennessee - 1863

Civil War Map of Chattanooga, Tennessee, 1863

Library of Congress, Geography and Map Division.

Original referring site, where I first found it:
Civil War Trust, CivilWar.org (Chattanooga Map)
http://bit.ly/CivilWarTrust-1863-ChattanoogaMap

Library of Congress website (download, various sizes).
https://www.loc.gov/item/2003630438/


The Chattanooga Campaign: Map of Chattanooga During Siege of Chattanooga

Rolling Mill at Cleveland, Tennessee - Destroyed November 1863, several references

On or around November 26, 1863, Union cavalry under Colonel Eli Long destroyed a copper rolling-mill on the outskirts of Cleveland, Tennessee, by setting fire to it. The mill was filled with missiles and shells (Confederate stockpiles) possibly moved there by Long, before firing the mill. There were loud explosions as the shells went off, sending shrapnel over the town.

Below are several references to the event, including Long's report:

Colonel Eli Long Report
Official Records, Volume 31, Part , pages 561-566; with rolling mill mentioned on 561.

Report no. 185.

"Report of Col. Eli Long, Fourth Ohio Cavalry, commanding Second Brigade, Second Cavalry Division of raid on the East Tennessee and Georgia Railroad, and including operations November 17, 1863-January 3, 1864.

"Hdqrs. Second Brigade, Second Cavalry Division, Calhoun, Tenn., January [19], 1864."

The report contains a detailed account of operations.

[QUOTE]:  On the 24th, receiving orders from Major-General Thomas to march to Cleveland, Tenn., and destroy as far as possible the enemy's lines of communication in that direction, I crossed by pontoons above Chattanooga, and struck the Chattanooga and Cleveland dirt road, running along the railroad.
[END QUOTE]

Nov. 25, Sent detachment on East Tennessee and Georgia Railroad toward Hiwassee River and Charleston (Tenn.) Continuing, November 25th or 26th (undated, in report, it falls between Nov. 24th and Nov. 27th, specifically after the 25th, which is not dated, but specified as "Next morning" after the night of the 24th.)

[QUOTE]:In Cleveland I found a considerable lot of rockets and shells, large quantities of corn, and several bales of new grain sacks, all belonging to the rebel Government. Destroyed all that was not appropriated to use of my own command. Burned several railroad cars found here; also the large copper rolling mill--the only one of the kind in the Confederacy.
[END QUOTE]

Official Records, Series 1, Volume 31, Part 2 (Reports), (Washington: Govt. Printing Offc., 1890.), "Report of Col. Eli Long" (560-565), 561.
http://bit.ly/OfficialRecords-1-31-2-Eli-Long-rept-incl-rolling-mill-Cleveland-Tenn

Title: The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Volume 31, Part 2
Editors: Robert Nicholson Scott, Frederick Caryton Ainsworth, George Breckenridge Davis, Joseph William Kirkley
Compiled by: Calvin Duvall Cowles
Contributors: United States. Record and pension office, United States. War Records Office
Publisher: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1890
Original from: the University of Michigan
________________________________

This report references the rolling mill. The date, November 18th, is before the date mentioned in other sources. However, it is the date of the detachment. Other sources show that the mill was destroyed on November 29th, which would be eleven days into Long's mission.

Official Records, Series 1, Vol. 31, Pt. 1, (Reports), 436, No. 54, "Itinerary of the Cavalry, Army of the Cumberland, Maj. Gen. David S. Stanley and Brig. Gen. Washington L. Elliott commanding," sv. "November 18," (in which Col. Eli Long, Fourth Ohio Cavalry, cmdg. Second Brigade, et al.), 436.

"He burned a large rolling mill...."

LINK: https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth152578/m1/449/?q=eli%20long
________________________________

History of the Rebellion (link to book)
J.S. Hurlburt, History of the Rebellion in Bradley County, East Tennessee (Downey & Brouse, printers?: Indianapolis, 1866), 15.

Tells about Eli Long destroying the rolling mill (page 15).

https://archive.org/details/historyofrebelli00hurl

Citation:
J.S. Hurlburt, History of the Rebellion in Bradley County, East Tennessee (Downey & Brouse, printers?: Indianapolis, 1866), 15.

________________________________

Historic Marker at Lat34North
Rolling mill destruction mentioned in text.
http://www.lat34north.com/HistoricMarkersTN/MarkerDetail.cfm?KeyID=006-13&MarkerTitle=Cleveland%20During%20the%20Civil%20War

Julius Eckhardt Raht, in Wikipedia
Pioneer of Copper Industry in East Tennessee
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Eckhardt_Raht

Destruction of Rolling Mill, indexed in Final Report (Claims)
Claims: Destruction of rolling-mill by Col. Eli Long. Dec. 1, 1863
Claim no. 682, Henry August Bohn...
Claim no. 683 Susanne K. Boulingval.
NOTE: DEC. 1, 1863, ABOVE, IS NOT THE DATE THAT THE ROLLING MILL WAS DESTROYED. IT IS APPARENTLY THE DATE OF THE CLAIM OR OF THE CLAIM REPORT.

Source: 
French and American Claims Commission (Washington, D.C.), The Final Report of the Agent and Counsel of the United States: With Treaties and Schedule of Claims, (reprint edition), (Washington: Gibson Brothers, printers, 1884), 70 (index).

http://bit.ly/Claims-pg70-RollingMill-Cleveland-Tenn

Another source (Myra Inman Diary) doesn't specifically mention the rolling mill, but does mention that they burned Mr. Raht's wagon, and I think mentions the burning of railroad cars; she mentions shelling or fighting, which could refer to the sound of the shells going off. (Link not available). Will try to add a more specific reference later.

References: Inman diary entries for the month of November 1863:

From Myra Inman: A Diary of the Civil War in East Tennessee :

Wed. 25. "We have heard hard cannonading all day."(Snell, Inman Diary, 230). The editor's note explains that this was shelling in one of the Battles of Chattanooga, thirty miles away (cf. 38).

Thurs. 26 (as Yankees are actually in Cleveland, taking things): "They burnt Mr. Raht's wagon and the railroad and some cars."(Snell, Inman Diary, 230).

The rolling mill was run by Julius Eckhardt Raht; possibly Myra confused the burning of the wagon with the destruction of the rolling mill; or perhaps it was all one. She didn't specifically mention the shells and missiles that flew all over town, according to Hurlburt's description, but she mentioned cannonading on the 25th.

CITATION:
William R. Snell, ed., Myra Inman: A Diary of the Civil War in East Tennessee, (Macon: Mercer University Press, 2000), 230.

PAPER SOURCE FOR INMAN. NO LINK AVAILABLE.

Related: Julius Eckhardt Raht Wikipedia Article
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Eckhardt_Raht

XI and XII Corps, Army of the Potomac - Reinforcements to Chattanooga, October - November 1863

XI and XII Corps, Army of the Potomac

After the Wheeler-Roddey Raid, a Confederate attack on the Union wagon train near Andersons Crossroads in the Sequatchie Valley, October 2, 1863, the War Department recognized the importance of sending reinforcements to Chattanooga.

Communication related to the transfer of the Eleventh and Twelfth Corps, Army of the Potomac, to Bridgeport, as reinforcements in the Chattanooga and Chickamauga Campaigns, is found in Official Records, Series 1, Volume 29, Part 1 (Reports), pages 286 and forward (several pieces of communication); and in Series 1, Volume 30, Part 1 (Reports), pages 33-40 (Report No. 1, General H.W. Halleck).


Official Records, Series 1, Vol. 29, Part 1 (Reports), 286-
http://bit.ly/OfficialRecords-s1-v29-pt1-p286-XI-and-XII-Corps

Various letters to and from the War Department discuss the transportation of these troops to Nashville, Tennessee, their arrival at Bridgeport, Alabama, and the importance and difficulty of transporting their horses and equipment. The 11th Corps was under Oliver O. Howard. The 12th Corps was under Slocum.


Series 1, Volume 30, Part 1 (Reports), pages 33-40
https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth152978/m1/47/

Report No. 1, General Henry W. Halleck to E.M. Stanton, Secretary of War; specifically, pages 36-37 mention the detachment of the Eleventh and Twelfth Corps, Army of the Potomac.

Subject: XI and XII Corps - transportation to Bridgeport, Alabama

Troop Reinforcements to Chattanooga, Sept.-Oct. 1863

Source for Reinforcements to the Union Army, under siege at Chattanooga, September-October 1863.

Two Corps (20,000 men) from Army of the Potomac in Virginia, placed under General Hooker's command. [From other source: these troops were mainly from Corps XI, and XII, Army of the Potomac]. Trip of 1,157 miles from Virginia to Bridgeport, Alabama, beginning September
Took about five days, railroad; rails of different gauges, etc.; infantry, artillery, equipment, animals, slower to come.

Another 17,000 troops by water from Sherman in Mississippi.

American Military History (Extract)
http://www.history.army.mil/books/amh/amh-11.htm

Source: American Military History (Extract of), Army Historical Series, Office of the Chief of Military History, United States Army (Chapter 11, "The Civil War, 1863"), 259.
________________________________________


XI and XII Corps, Army of the Potomac, Reinforce Rosecrans at Chattanooga

Fact: Troop reinforcements to Rosecrans, under siege at Chattanooga, included 20,000 troops from Army of the Potomac, consisting mostly of the XI and XII Corps. This was in September 1863.

Source: David G. Moore, William S. Rosecrans and the Union Victory: A Civil War Biography (Google Preview), 132. http://bit.ly/GooglePreview_Rosecrans-Union-Vict-p132.
_____________________________

Echoes of Battle reference
Reference to Eleventh and Twelfth Corps Detachment, Army of the Potomac, at Chattanooga, in Echoes of Battle: The Struggle for Chattanooga (Baumgartner and Strayer, 1996), 231-234. The reinforcement is mentioned in the story of Lt. Col. William G. LeDue, Chief Quartermaster, XI Corps (231-234). In the story, LeDue objects to the fact that "Officers' horses only were to be transported. This was an error of vital importance..." (231). He discusses the poor state of cavalry horses and mules, the difficulty of navigating the mountain road to Bridgeport [Alabama], the building and launching of a "little home-made steamer, the Chattanooga," and the opening of the cracker line (Federal supply line to Bridgeport, Alabama, and Chattanooga, Tennessee).(231-234).

The 11th Corps is also mentioned in the story of Orderly Sergeant William H.H. Tallman, Co. E, 66th Ohio Vol. Infantry (242-244), and there may be other mentions.  This book is not available to read on-line, but may be found at online bookstores. Link to Echoes at Amazon.com ; or maybe one can be found at a library, where I found one.

Bibliographical note:
Baumgartner, Richard A. and Larry M. Strayer. Echoes of Battle: The Struggle for Chattanooga. Huntington: Blue Acorn Press, 1996.


Related post (this blog): Diary of Hassel Hopper, Corps XI,  XI Corps, Army of the Potomac (link to article)

Articles: Century Illustrated, 1887 (rel. Campaign for Chattanooga and Army of the Cumberland)

Articles in The Century Illustrated Magazine, 1887

The Campaign for Chattanooga
https://books.google.com/books?id=xK3PAAAAMAAJ&lpg=PA147&dq=century%20illustrated%20monthly%20magazine%20and%20all%20hell%20can't%20stop&pg=PA129#v=onepage&q&f=false

Army of the Cumberland
https://books.google.com/books?id=xK3PAAAAMAAJ&lpg=PA147&dq=century%20illustrated%20monthly%20magazine%20and%20all%20hell%20can't%20stop&pg=PA136#v=onepage&q&f=false

Report of General George H. Thomas: Laiboldt attacked, Dec. 28, 1863

Report of General George H. Thomas: Laiboldt attacked, Dec. 28, 1863:

Quick link to Official Records, Series 1, Vol. 31, Pt. 1 (Reports), Report of General George Thomas concerning the attack on Colonel Bernard Laiboldt's wagon train near the camp of Colonel Eli Long, at Charleston, Tennessee, on the morning of December 28, 1863. The wagon train full of supplies was en route to Knoxville, Tennessee, taking a round-about route through the mountains near Cleveland, Tennessee, when Laiboldt stopped to camp. Eli Long's unit (and related units) were camped at several little towns northeast of Cleveland: Charleston-on-the-Hiwassee, Calhoun, Tennessee (where Lieutenant-Colonel Henry A. Potter camped, per his own correspondence), and Columbia, Tennessee, where (I believe) some of the Ohio companies were camped. Long's camp is sometimes reported as Calhoun, and sometimes, as Charleston, which was north of and across the railroad bridge (over the Hiwassee River) from Calhoun. Col. Eli Long's own report shows that his headquarters was at Calhoun. In the official reports, Long was at Calhoun when Laiboldt was attacked on the other side of the bridge at Charleston.

General George Thomas, Report No. 1, December 28, 1863
https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth152578/m1/654/

In previous correspondence Lieutenant-Colonel J.S. Fullerton, Assistant Adjutant General, had written to General Gordon Granger concerning [Laiboldt's] wagon train and its contents. See my post of today: J.S. Fullerton post.
http://musescivilwar.blogspot.com/2016/08/js-fullerton-asst-adj-gen-army-of.html

Ref.: Colonel Bernard Laiboldt, Second Missouri, "commanding a demi-brigade in Sheridan's Division."
Citation: Richard A. Baumgartner and Larry Strayer, Echoes of Battle: The Struggle for Chattanooga (Huntington: Blue Acorn Press, 1996), 366.
(Print book, no link).

________

Fact: Bernard Laiboldt, German-American, born in Grand Duchy of Baden, 1827. Immigrated to U.S.A., 1833. Resided: St. Louis.

Source Citation: 
David A. Powell, The Chickamauga Campaign - Glory or the Grave: The Breakthrough, the Union Collapse, and the Defense of Horseshoe Ridge, September 20, 1863, (Google Preview), (El Dorado Hills: Savas Beatie, 2015), 181.
https://books.google.com/books?id=07LWCgAAQBAJ&lpg=PA181&ots=D_0MQvHDt-&dq=laiboldt%20and%20german&pg=PA181#v=onepage&q=laiboldt%20and%20german&f=false

Map and Links to More about Laiboldt

MAP

Charleston and Calhoun, Tennessee - detail, labeled of 'Mountain region of North Carolina and Tennessee' map; A.D. Bache, U.S. Coastal Survey, 1865, Library of Congress Geography & Map Division, Washington, D.C.

The map above shows Charleston, Tennessee, south of and across the Hiwassee River from Calhoun, Tennessee (my labels in blue). Laiboldt was attacked on December 28, 1863, in his temporary camp at Charleston during a trip to deliver army supplies to Knoxville. The red line shows a railroad route, making a triangular area between Cleveland, Chattanooga, and Dalton. The Tennessee River is west of Chattanooga. Walden's Ridge (northwest of Chattanooga) was a difficult mountain route used by the Army of the Cumberland during the seige of Chattanooga. There in the Sequatchie Valley, at Anderson's Crossroads, the Rebels had attacked a wagon train on October 2, 1863, almost three months before this after-Christmas raid on Laiboldt. South of Chattanooga is McLamore Cove, where some of the army camped in September 1863, while crossing Lookout Mountain.

Notice that the map shows a pike running from Charleston, Tennessee, south to Spring Place, Georgia; in my opinion, it is probably greatly simplified, especially just southeast of Charleston, as several areas of it would have to run across some mountains.

Source Citation: A.D. Bache, "Mountain region of North Carolina and Tennessee" (Map, detail of, with labels added), (W.L. Nicholson, A. Lindenkohl, Henry Lindenkohl, and Charles G. Krebs, contributors), United States Coast Survey (A.D. Bache, Supt., 1865), Library of Congress Geography and Map Division Washington, D.C. (Washington: U.S. Coast Survey, 1865).

Related posts, this blog:

Colonel Bernard Laiboldt Report
Colonel Bernard Laiboldt Report - Wheeler's attack on Laiboldt's wagon train, Dec. 28, 1863
http://musescivilwar.blogspot.com/2016/08/colonel-bernard-laiboldt-report_18.html

Report of J.S. Fullerton (mentions Laiboldt)
Report of J.S. Fullerton, Asst. Adj.-Gen., Army of the Cumberland
He summarizes the contents of Laiboldt's wagon train, December 1863
http://musescivilwar.blogspot.com/2016/08/js-fullerton-asst-adj-gen-army-of.html

J.S. Fullerton, Asst. Adj.-Gen., Army of the Cumberland: Links to Correspondence and Article

Lieutenant-Colonel J.S. Fullerton, in Official Records

(including references to Laiboldt and Long at Charleston and Calhoun, Tennessee)


The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union And Confederate Armies. Series 1, Volume 31 (Ch. 43), In Three Parts. Part 3, Correspondence, etc.

Lieutenant Colonel J.S. Fullerton was Assistant Adjutant-General, Army of the Cumberland in 1863, when Colonel Bernard Laiboldt's wagon train was attacked in camp at Charleston, Tennessee. (The wagon train had been en route to Knoxville, Tennessee, when it stopped to camp with Colonel Eli Long's division in Charleston, a little town north of Cleveland, Tennessee. These events not long after the Battles of Chattanooga.

On Christmas Eve, 1863, J.S. Fullerton  wrote this piece of 1863 correspondence to General Gordon Granger concerning the contents of the wagon train. The train was attacked three days later.
[Ref.: O.R., Ser. 1, vol. 31, Pt. 3 (Correspondence), (Fullerton to Granger, Dec. 24, 1863, 483-484), 484.]

J.S. Fullerton correspondence in Official Records
https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth152608/m1/492/

Article about The Army of the Cumberland, written by J.S. Fullerton:
Century Illustrated, 1887
Source: J.S. Fullerton, "The Army of the Cumberland at Chattanooga" (136-150), The Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine (Vol 34), (via Google eBooks; orig. publ.: Century Company, 1887), 147.
[Granger]: " '...they started up without orders. When those fellows get started, all hell can't stop them.' "
http://bit.ly/Century-Illus-1887-vol34-p147

POST WITH DESCRIPTION OF AND LINKS TO VOLUME 31


Related posts, this blog:
Report of General George H. Thomas
Report of General George H. Thomas: Laiboldt attacked, Dec. 28, 1863
http://musescivilwar.blogspot.com/2016/08/report-of-general-george-h-thomas.html

Colonel Bernard Laiboldt Report
Colonel Bernard Laiboldt Report - Wheeler's attack on Laiboldt's wagon train, Dec. 28, 1863
http://musescivilwar.blogspot.com/2016/08/colonel-bernard-laiboldt-report_18.html

RELATED: Chattanooga Campaign, Atlanta Campaign, Army of the Cumberland.

Chattanooga or Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge from Moccasin Point (Bvt. Capt. Bradford Wood): 1907

Chattanooga or Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge from Moccasin Point

"Chattanooga or Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge from Moccasin Point"
A paper read at the Thirty-second Annual Meeting of the U.S. Veteran Signal Corps Association, held at Saratoga Springs, N.Y., September 10, 1907.

Bradford R. Wood, Jr.
Brevet Captain, late U.S.A., Brevet Major, U.S.V. Albany, N.Y.

Originally published Nov. 1907, by the U.S. Veteran Signal Corps Association

"Chattanooga or Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge from Moccasin Point"

Wood said, "They are going up the hill, may God help them."

Title: Chattanooga or Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge from Moccasin Point
Author: Bradford Ripley Wood
Release Date: November 8, 2010 [EBook #34242]
PDF Published via: The Project Gutenberg
Original publisher and date: U.S. Veteran Signal Corps Association, 1907.
http://www.gutenberg.org/files/34242/34242-h/34242-h.htm

Link to Bob Redman's article "Politics in the Union Army at the Battle of Chattanooga," (with maps, photos). Also, Google Map.

Bob Redman has some long articles on the Battle of Chattanooga, including some interesting comments on Sherman's comment about poor maps of the tunnel area on Lightfoot Mill Road. His theory is that the maps weren't poor at all (he gives examples), and that Sherman was covering for his own incompetence in stopping short of his objective, the tunnel.

Politics in the Union Army at the Battle for Chattanooga (Link)
Bob Redman article, "Politics in the Union Army at the Battle for Chattanooga: George H. Thomas - the consumate anti-politician," at AOTC.net (includes historic maps, modern map with diagram, and modern photos of the general battle area (unable to get close view due to private-property restrictions) and rather neglected park:
http://www.aotc.net/article1.htm

Google Map: Battle of Chattanooga; Lightfoot Mill Road and Tunnel Area
My Short URL to Google Map: http://bit.ly/GoogleMap-Lightfoot-Mill-Rd-Tunnel-Area

GOOGLE'S SHORT URL TO SAME MAP
https://goo.gl/maps/L71hQsZoW292

Same Redman article on another site:
American Civil War: George H. Thomas and Politics in the Union Army at the Battle for Chattanooga
Bob Redman
http://www.americancivilwar.com/authors/BobRedman/article1.htm

Link: Map to Battle of Brown's Ferry (and Battle of Wauhatchie)

Link to Map: Battle of Brown's Ferry and Battle of Wauhatchie (Chattanooga Campaign)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chattanooga_Campaign#/media/File:Battle_of_Wauhatchie_map.jpg

Link to Battle Plan (Wauhatchie), Draft
Library of Congress
http://civilwardailygazette.com/walk-right-up-to-the-foe-rebels-fail-to-hold-browns-ferry/

Map of the Chattanooga Campaign (courtesy of Hal Jespersen)

Map of the Chattanooga Campaign
November 24-25, 1863

Map by Hal Jespersen, www.posix.com/CW [CC BY 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons

Map page with download options:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chattanooga_Campaign_Nov_24-25.png

Sherman to Thomas (Correspondence, April 1864) Organization of Army. Furloughed Veterans Recalled.

Correspondence of William T. Sherman to George H. Thomas, April 1864: Organization of the Army of the Cumberland, with Discussions of Cavalry (Furloughed Veterans Recalled) and Corps (Plans for Placement of Three Wings, Cleveland, Chattanooga, and Stevenson):

On April 6, 1864, Major-General William T. Sherman writes from Headquarters, Military Division of the Mississippi, to Maj. Gen. Geo. H. Thomas, Comdg. Department of the Cumberland, Chattanooga, advising him of changes in Thomas's command. Furloughed veterans are retained. Hovey's Division of 5,000 infantry will move to the Hiwassee River, relieving the previously detached Fourth Corps. Thomas will have complete control of the army. His left will be Cleveland [Tennessee], his Center will be Chattanooga, and his right will be Stevenson [Alabama]. He discusses communication routes (Nashville to Columbia [Tenn.]). Reserve mounted-cavalry positions for the best men.

Official Records, Series 1, Vol. 32, Pt. 3 (Correspondence, Etc.--Union), Chp. 44, 271-272 (Sherman to Thomas, Nashville, 6 April 1864).

http://bit.ly/OR_1-32-3-Sherman-to-Thomas-1864-army-organization

Lee and Gordon's Mill (link)

Lee and Gordon's Mill (History, Summary)
http://roadsidegeorgia.com/site/leeandgordonmill.html

History of Lee and Gordon's Mill, near Chickamauga, Walker County, Georgia. Site of importance in the Chickamauga Campaign, the Chattanooga Campaign, and the Atlanta Campaign. Dates of particular significance include summer and fall of 1863 (September - November 1863).

Chattanooga Campaign, Battle of Chattanooga (link)

American Civil War: Chattanooga
via AmericanCivilWar.com
http://americancivilwar.com/statepic/tn/tn018.html

Summary, Description, Organization: The Chattanooga Campaign, Battle of Chattanooga

Link: Chattanooga